RESUMO
Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as an important measure against it. Side effects have always been an inseparable component of vaccination, which in this study, Sinopharm vaccine, its side effects and the differences of their manifestation amongst men and women have been investigated. Objective(s): This study aimed to compare the side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine among men and women working in some medical centers in Tehran, Iran. Method(s): This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 890 healthcare workers of 7 medical centers in Tehran within 2 months, from late June to late August 2021. The samples were selected by the complete enumeration method, and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. Only those who received the Sinopharm vaccine at least 10 days before the study were included. Result(s): Of 890 participants, 22.96% and 77.30% were women and men, respectively, and 65.8% of women and 78.1% of men were in the age range of 20-29 years. It was revealed that 74.75% of women and 26.16% of men had at least one side effect. The incidence of at least one side effect was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.001). It was also found that 12 side effects were significantly higher in women than in men. Most men and women had side effects within the first 24 h after vaccination. There was no significant difference in taking therapeutic measures to reduce or minimize the post-vaccination complications between men and women;however, 9.4% of men and 27.2% of women reported a decline in their ability to perform daily activities as they were unable to do their everyday tasks the day after vaccination which was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion(s): The results showed that the occurrence rate of side effects after receiving the Sinopharm vaccine was significantly higher in women than in men. Moreover, women were significantly less able to perform daily routines than men.Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
RESUMO
Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as an important measure against it. Side effects have always been an inseparable component of vaccination, which in this study, Sinopharm vaccine, its side effects and the differences of their manifestation amongst men and women have been investigated. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine among men and women working in some medical centers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 890 healthcare workers of 7 medical centers in Tehran within 2 months, from late June to late August 2021. The samples were selected by the complete enumeration method, and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. Only those who received the Sinopharm vaccine at least 10 days before the study were included. Results: Of 890 participants, 22.96% and 77.30% were women and men, respectively, and 65.8% of women and 78.1% of men were in the age range of 20-29 years. It was revealed that 74.75% of women and 26.16% of men had at least one side effect. The incidence of at least one side effect was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.001). It was also found that 12 side effects were significantly higher in women than in men. Most men and women had side effects within the first 24 h after vaccination. There was no significant difference in taking therapeutic measures to reduce or minimize the post-vaccination complications between men and women;however, 9.4% of men and 27.2% of women reported a decline in their ability to perform daily activities as they were unable to do their everyday tasks the day after vaccination which was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the occurrence rate of side effects after receiving the Sinopharm vaccine was significantly higher in women than in men. Moreover, women were significantly less able to perform daily routines than men.
RESUMO
Background: This study aimed to determine factors affecting compliance with Hand Hygiene (HH) from the perspective of the health care team working in the pediatric intensive care unit of a children's tertiary center, Ali -Asghar hospital, in Tehran, Iran. Methods: we recruited 35 Pediatric ICU health care workers, including nurses, attending physicians and medical students, selected by purposive sampling between February to November 2020. Data were collected using deep semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) qualitative conventional content analysis method. All interviews were recorded and typed in the MAXQDA software and then analyzed in eight steps including writing interviews, determining the semantic units, text coding, matching codes with text, categorizing and developing categories, reviewing the categories, identifying the sub themes and reporting the findings. Results: 68.5% of the participants were female, with an average age of 32.7 years and work experience of 8.6 years. After reviewing all codes obtained, 4 main categories were finally extracted. (I) Meta-organizational factors including two subcategories of macro-health policy, sanctions and economic problems, (II) Organizational factors including three subcategories of incoherence in observing the rules, monitoring and evaluation, and the prevailing attitude of the organization, (III) Individual factors including three subcategories of attitude of the health care team towards patients, skin reactions to hand sanitizers, concerns about their own health and health of their family, (IV) Characteristics of the clinical environment including three subcategories of professional relationships, special conditions governing the pediatric ICU, and care facilities. Conclusion: Overall, 234 codes were extracted from the interviews and after the integration of similarities, four key themes including Meta-organizational factors, Organizational factors, Individual factors and Characteristics of the clinical environment were obtained indicating factors affecting hand hygiene performance of the PICU health care team.